Alonso de Canseco

Brief Biography

Alonso de Canseco was born in 1517 and was approximately twenty-three years old when he went on the Coronado Expedition. His place of birth was apparently León (in the modern province of León). Prior to the Expedition, he was a corregidor in Oaxaca, which might explain why Viceroy Mendoza provided him a salary just before the Expedition left Mexico City. The viceroy needed able administrators on the Expedition. Canseco served directly under Vázquez de Coronado. Following the Expedition, he returned to Oaxaca where he served in several administrative posts. It is highly likely that the documents referenced below all refer to the expeditionary.

Gender
Male
Title (Y/N)
No
Date of Birth
1517
AGE-1540
23
Age Set
15-25
Country of Origin
Spain
Place of Birth (City/Town)
?León
Place of Birth (modern province/state/region)
León
Died on the Expedition?
No
Last Known Location
Antequera (Oaxaca City), Mexico
Position on Expedition
Horseman
Within Viceroy Mendoza's Sphere
Yes
Pre-Expedition Occupation
Corregidor
Post Expedition Occupation
Scribe
Livestock Owner
Alcalde Mayor
Corregidor
Residence After Expedition
Antequera, Oaxaca, Mexico
Ability to sign name
Yes
References-Documentary

1530-1540

Millares Carlo y Montecón, Indice y extractos, Martín Castro, scribe, II:2527 [fols. 697r and 697v: March 9, 1538, Andrés de Salinas and Alonso de Canseco, vecinos of México, are albaceas and testamentarios for Pedro Canseco; they receive an accounting from the merchant Juan López de Herrera (21 persons between Salinas and Canseco on muster)]

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 36, exp. 6, 1538 [1538: lawsuit against María de Soto for polygamy; fol. 200v: secretary was Alonso de Canseco, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AGI, Justicia, 258, pieza 1, “Relacion de los salarios” [fol.799v:Nov. 1539, a alonso Canseco...c pesos]

1540-1550

1540, Feb: Muster in Flint & Flint, Documents, Document 12 [3 horses, chainmail vest, elk hide jacket, native arms]

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD72, Real Audiencia, Mercedes, vol.2, exp.570, 1543 [fol. 232v:December 1543, an Alonso de Canseco is corregidor of the port de Guatulco (Pacific); he is directed to make sure that Indians are not sent on board ships transporting cacao to Guatemala and Nicaragua]

AGI, Justicia, 258, pieza 1, “Visita hecha al Virrey, 1544” [an Alonso de Canseco was corregidor of the pueblos de Pochutla y Tonameca 22 May 1543 and renewed 24 May 1544 with a salary of 200 pesos/yr]

1550-1560

AGI, México, 204, N.33 [witness for Pedro de Benavídes, Feb. 14, 1551, Mexico City, 34 years old, went on Expedition (Canseco could sign his name-no signature on copy)]

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD72, Real Audiencia, Mercedes, vol.3, exp.724, 1551 [fols. 281v – 282r:March 1551, grant of 100 pesos de oro común per year to Alonso de Canseco, as corregidor of the province of Soconusco];

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD72, Real Audiencia, Mercedes, vol.3, exp.751, 1551 [fols. 293v – 294r:March 1551, Alonso de Canseco is serving as alcalde mayor of the province of Soconusco; he needs an interpreter; a Gaspar de Arana is appointed at a salary of 50 pesos];

AGI, Contaduría, 663B [payments to corregidores y tenientes de corregidor: to Alonso de Canseco, 600 pesos, as corregidor and alcalde mayor of the pueblo of Soconusco for two years of service ending in January 1553];

AGI, Contaduría, 663B [Payments en quitas: to Alonso Canseco, alcalde mayor que fue de la provincía de Soconusco, 200 pesos paid in June 1555, for two years of service ending in February 1553]

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558 [fol.245: Oaxaca, 1558, case against Francisco del Aguila, married twice; witness: 12 Nov 1558, vecino, more than 30 years old; (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 36, exp. 6, 1538); Juan de Canseco immediately follows and then don Carlos de Arellano]

AGI, Contaduría, 664, 1559 [Payments to alcaldes mayores, corregidores y tenientes: Alonso de Canseco, corregidor of Talistaca, Oaxaca, 250 pesos, 2 Sept 1558-2 Sept 1559];

AGI, Contaduría, 667A [amounts received for tributes, 1562: a Francisco de Zárate pays 1,052 pesos of tribute on behalf of Alonso de Canseco, corregidor of the pueblo of Talistaca in Guaxaca (Oaxaca)]

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD72, Real Audiencia, Mercedes, vol.4, exp.192, 1554 [fol. 60r:August 1554, Juan Gallego, corregidor of the pueblo of Guamelula, is notified that Juan Gallego, the elder, and Alonso Canseco, both vecinos of Oaxaca, have established estancias near the pueblos of Tequeçistlan and Tacolula that are harming the Indians of those pueblos; Gallego is ordered to determine whether the livestock should be removed and to order that if it is appropriate];

AGN, El libro de Tasaciones  [Corregimiento, Guamelula, por otro nombre Tacolula y Ecatepeque, bishopric of Oaxaca; Tacolula, 11 Jan. 1557; Crown's; can't pay their tributes; making provisions to pay; "...se dé provision para que se notifique a Alonso Canseco cuyo dizque es el ganado, que anda en los terminos del dicho pueblo...", p.195];

AGI, Contratación, 198, N.20 [Antequera, 14 Nov. 1559, Bartolomé Sánches de Reyna, clerigo, deceased; albacea: Francisco Gutierrez; 1560 in Antequera; will of  Bartolomé: bequeathing 200 pesos tepuzque to a mestiza in the house of Alonso de Canseco, called Catalina, for the good service she gave to him; purchaser of goods: Alonso Hernández, shoemaker, Bermúdez, Alonso Maldonado];

1560-1570

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 4 [1562: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor of the pueblo and province of Teposcolula (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 5 [1562: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor of the pueblo and province of Teposcolula, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 6 [Alonso Gómez, gobernador, informa al señor Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor of Teposcolula, que la mujer del cacique de Chicahuaxtla pide la tasación del cacicazgo que por muerte de su marido le corresponde];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 22, 11 Dec 1562, Testamento de Lorenzo Marroquinio, Tlaxiaco, [1562: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558); albacea: possibly Francisco/Francisca Gutiérrez, from Puebla];

AGI, Contaduría, 667A [tributos, 1563: the canon Francisco de Zárate pays 1,278 pesos on behalf of an Alonso de Canseco, corregidor of the pueblo of Tapazcolula];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Criminal, 1, exp. 6 [1563: Alonso indio natural de la estancia de Santiago sujeta a Tecomastlahuaca por muerte; Alonso de Canseco is alcalde mayor of the province de Teposcolula; Alonso de Castro is a scribe; Canseco signs (same signature as Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 10, 1563); case continues to May and July 1564 with Canseco as alcalde mayor; in July 1564, a Francisco Temiño is a certifying witness several times; he seems to be accompanying Miguel de Vargas, procurador y defensor of the india María, who is the complainant; also in July 1564, a Francisco Martín, español y estante in Teposcolula, is a witness]

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 8 [before Alonso Canseco, alcalde mayor del dicho pueblo e provincía; Pedro de Salazar is interpreter to Spanish; Francisco Álvarez, español, seeks permission and enters into a contract for one year with the Indians of Teposcolula to establish an estancia de ganado menor de ovejas; testigos are Pedro Loçano, Juan de Canseco, and Hernandárias, estantes en este pueblo];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 9 [1563: ante el magnífico señor Alonso Canseco, alcalde mayor de la provincía de Teposcolula y juez de comisión en esta dicha provincía [misteca baja]; Lorenzo Marroquín, vecino del pueblo de Michen y Tlapilco is selling  un negro de nombre Gaspar to Francisco Baca, estante en el pueblo de Achintla; testigos: Pedro del Castillo, Juan Freyle, and Pero García, estantes en el dicho pueblo, as well as Alonso Canseco; Canseco’s signature (same as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 10 [1563: Marcos Ruíz de Rojas, vecino de Antequera, estante en Teposcolula grants a poder to Pedro de Salazar y especialmente para cobrar a Martín Vázquez 120 pesos de oro de minas y pagar a Diego de Morales, mercader, vecino de la ciudad de Guatemala. Ruiz de Rojas and Alonso Canseco sign (Ruíz de Rojas’ signature is the same as AGI, Justicia, 264, 1547; Canseco’s signature same as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558); testigos: Juan de Canseco, Bartolomé Ca??te, and Juan de Ochoa, estantes in Teposcolula];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 11 [1563:  doña Isabel Mercado viuda de Francisco Vázquez and vecina de la ciudad de México, como tutora y curadora de su hijo legitimo Martín Vázquez; witnesses: Marcos Ruíz de Rojas and Gaspar Tórres, vecinos de la ciudad de Oaxaca, and Juan Sánchez and Pedro de Salazar, todos españoles (Canseco’s signature same as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 12 [July 1563: before Alonso Canseco, alcalde mayor; a concierto between doña Isabel Mercado and the Indians of Tlaxquiaco; witnesses: Marcos Ruíz de Rojas, Antonio de Esquibel, Gaspar de Tórres, and Cristóbal Sierra, estantes en Tlaxquiaco (Canseco’s signature same as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 13 [Jan. 1563: testigos: Pedro de Salazar and Luis Nuñez, españoles, and Hernándarias, and Juan de Córdoba, de color moreno; all estantes en Tepozcolula, provincía de misteca alta (Canseco’s signature same as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 13.1 [July 1563: doña Isabel Mercado; same witnesses as above; Canseco signs];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 13.2 [Feb. 1563: Juan Frele sells a slave to Francisco Baca; Canseco’s signature same as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 13.3 [July 1563: Domingo de Álaves. prebytero de la iglesia de Antequera grants a poder to his son Esteban de Álaves; testigos: Marcos Ruíz de Rojas, Pedro de Salazar; Canseco signs];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 14 [Aug. 1563: before magnífico señor Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor de la provincía de Tepozcolula y en este dicho pueblo y en presencia de mi Alonso de Castro, escribano nombrado de la audiencia e juzgado del dicho alcalde mayor; concerning a company between the Indians of Teposcolula and Juan de Buenaventura; testigos: Francisco Baca, Juan Marcos Serrano?, Juan López de Compostela, and Miguel de Vargas, estantes en el dicho pueblo; Canseco’s signature same as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 16 [Sept. 1563: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor and judge for the pueblo, signed, same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 17 [Feb. 3, 1563: Alonso de Canseco, [alcalde mayor, signed (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558);  witness: Alonso López];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 18 [Oct. 29, 1563: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, signed (same signature AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 19 [Feb. 1563: Juan López, estante en Tecomaxtlahuaca, Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558); witness: Juan López de Ávila, estante; witness: Pero Sánchez;  poder to Juan López de Avila and Alonso Nunez];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 21 [Oct. 29, 1563: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558); obligation by Juan Sanchez, merchant];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 24.01 [fol. 4r-4v: 1563, Alonso Canseco, alcalde mayor of the province of Teposcolula, nombra como su escribano a Alonso de Castro, estante de Teposcolula];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Criminal, 1, exp. 25 [Aug. 1563: Alonso de Canseco is alcalde mayor of the province of Teposcolula and juez de comisión; Juan López de Compostela is one of many Spanish witnesses to an investigation of the cacique for mistreatment of indios (Canseco signs, same signature as AHJO, Teposcolula, Criminal, 1, exp. 14];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 25 [Feb. 13, 1563: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 24 [April 18, 1564: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 26 [Jan. 28, 1564: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558); also signed by Marcos Ruiz de Rojas];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 30 15 [April 15, 1564: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 31 [1564: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558); selling to Pedro de Salazar, Mexico City, some houses he has in the collación of Santa Catalina, next to the houses of ? and Juan Rodríguez de Pisa(?)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 20 [1565: Alonso Canseco, alcalde mayor of Teposcolula, nombra como escribano del pueblo Tlaxiaco a Alonso de Castro a quien le toma protesta (same as signature in AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 34 [Jan. 23, 1565: Alonso de Canseco, alcalde mayor, (same signature as AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD61, Inquisición, Vol. 24, exp. 1, 1558)];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 37 [May 14, 1565: Francisco Morales Batidor is the juez de residencia - probably Alonso de Canseco, is gone];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 32  [July 31, 1566: Alonso de Canseco is no longer the alcalde mayor]

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD72, Real Audiencia, Mercedes, vol.8, 1565 [fol.209v:estancia in Tlacolula; image 427; don Rodrigo Maldonado, is the alcalde mayor in Antequera; Canseco is a vecino of Antequera; he has a sitio de estancia de ganado menor on the outskirts of Tlacolula poblado demas de 25 years a este parte; he can subdivide the vacant land as stipulated in his original grant; Maldonado has to confirm Canseco's documents and that no harm comes to the Indians; and that the proper distances are established and marked out between the estancias; Mexico 27 Nov. 1565];

AHJO, Teposcolula, Civil, 1, exp. 42 [July 1566: testamento and inventario de Francisco de Moya, escribano; during the almoneda, a Francisco Martín purchases some zapatos de cordorban y unas botas de cordoban, dos cuchillos, 2 camisas, 1 jubon de lienzo,1 jubon roto; a maestro de Canseco bought peso de balanzas];

AHMO, Actas de Sesiones, Libro 1, 1564-1642 [Jan 1, 1566: Bartolomé Sánchez, regidor; Alonso de Canseco is mentioned; don Rodrigo Maldonado is signing];

AHMO, Actas de Sesiones, Libro 1, 1564-1642 [Jan. 1, 1567: don Rodrigo Maldonado, alcalde mayor; Bartolomé Sánchez, regidor; Alonso de Canseco, suggested as alcalde ordinario; Diego Díaz and Francisco de Valdivieso named alguaciles];

1570-1580

Álvarez, Historia General del Estado de Oaxaca [p. 81-82: 1579, Con la flota de ese año se recibieron en Nueva España los cuestionarios que el Rey Felipe II envió a las colonias para que informaran sus características económicas y geográficas. Como consequencia, los Regidores, Justicias Mayores, Frailes Provincíales, Corregidores y Alcaldes Mayores comenzaron a preparar lo que serían las Relaciones Geográficas del siglo xvi. En Oaxaca varias de ellas fueron redactadas…por Alcaldes Mayores y Corregidores, entre los que pueden señalarse a…Alonso Canseco (Tlacolula y Mitla)];

1580-1590:

Acuña, Relaciones Geográficas: Antequera [3:255: Tlacolula…[August 1580] el ilustre señor Alonso de Canseco, corregidor deste dicho pueblo y del de Miquitla [Canseco signs]

AGI, México, 98 [Probanza to establish a mayorazgo, Alonso de Canseco, vecino of Antequera, many years lived in these places, has his house, wife and children, he intends to remain here and so do his children, wants to make a mayorazgo for his son; came to Nueva España (Mexico City?) to make his case; his questions consist of-that he was one of the old discoverers and settlers of Nueva España, his parents and grandparents are natives of León, "of pure blood", hidalgos, his hacienda is worth more than 80,000 pesos and up; witnesses in Madrid, 15 June 1570, witness: Anton García Endrina, vecino of Puebla, known Alonso more than 10 years, 30, says Alonso is one of the richest men in Antequera; Bernardino Pacheco de Bocanegra, has known Alonso for 30 years, knows Alonso has criados, gente, armas, cavallos and is an "hombre principal"; Luis Ponce de León, has known Alonso for 25 years, knows that fue con el virrey don Antonio de Mendoza, 34, signed (no mention of any specific deeds)];

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD51, Gobierno Virreinal, General de Parte, Vol.2, exp.1296, 1580 [fol.275: Dec. 6, 1580, corregidor of Teutitlan makes an investigation of complaints by Indians about serving Alonso de Canseco and that they have not been paid; 6 Dec. 1580;Viceroy Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza saber a vos el corregidor del pueblo de Teutitlanque los naturales del me an ffecho un relación, by order of Viceroy Enríquez, each week 6 Indians were given to Alonso Canseco, vecino of Antequera for service for his hacienda and to guard his livestock and that they were not paid; they should be paid and to make an investigation of the Indians's complaints; Suárez de Mendoza informs the corregidor of the pueblo of Teutitlan that the natives report that under an order by viceroy Enríquez they give Alonso Canseco, vecino of Antequera, each week 6 Indians in service for his hacienda and to watch his livestock for which he doesn't pay them even though he was ordered to; investigate];

AGI, Patronato, 56, N.1, R.3\3 [1573, Probanza of Juan de la Mesquita, Mexico Ci.ty; witness: Alonso de Canseco, vecino of Antequera, 50 +/-, has known his parents for 36 years; signed-no signature in copy] [followed by Francisco de Valdevieso, vecino of Antequera where his statement was taken, knew his father for more than 26 years, 50+, signed-no signature in copy];

AHMO, Actas de Sesiones, Libro 1, 1564-1642 [Jan 1, 1576: Alonso de Canseco signed the minutes, fol. 26r];

1580-1590:

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD58, Real Audiencia, Indios, vol.2, exp.245, 1582 [fol.61v: 7 Dec. 1582, Alonso de Canseco, vecino of Antequera, Oaxaca, reports that he uses Indians to guard his small livestock herd; the natives of Guaxolotitlan have given 4 Indians for that purpose, as is his due; objecting to the suspension of their help; viceroy Suárez orders the alcalde mayor to reinstate the use of Indian labor for Canseco];

AGN, Instituciones Coloniales, GD58, Real Audiencia, Indios, vol.2, exp.641 (640), 1583 [fol.148: 20 March 1583, the natives of Guaxolotitlan says they provide 4 ordinary servants for Alonso de Canseco's hacienda; by order of the alcalde mayor of Antequera that due to the abuse they receive there will be no more Indians for service on the estancia of Alonso de Canseco, Oaxaca]

Relatives:

?AGEPEO, Obispado de Oaxaca, 3, exp. 5, “Capellanías de Antequera,” 1623  [fol. 35r: a Rodrigo de Canseco, alcalde ordinario, Antequera, 1625, vecino; fol. 37r: Jacinto de Canseco, 1625, secretario, clérigo, Antequera, 1625; fol. 39r:  Jacinto Canseco de Sotomayor, 1647];

?Gay, Historia de Oaxaca [p. 255: March 1543. corregidor of Zitatán, sujeto de Huatulco, was an Enrique de Canseco]

?Bradomín, Villa de Santa Domingo Nexapa [p. 15: una información que encontramos en la “Realción de Nexapa,” levantada por Fr. Bernardo de Santamaría, vicario del convent dominicano, y Juan Canseco, Alcalde Mayor del lugar, del 12 de septiembre de 1579 al 20 de abril de 1580, en cumplimiento de la “instrucción y memoria de la relaciones que se hand de hazer. para el buen govierno y enoblescimiento dellas.” Esta encuesta consta de cincuenta capítulos que requerían información de carácter muy diverso (histórico, geográfico, estadístico, producción, etc.” (long quote runs for 18 pages, without any of the historical info)];

?Acuña, Relaciones Geográficas: Antequera [2:345: Nexapa…[1579] Juan de Canseco, alcalde mayor en esta villa y provincía [signs as Juan Díaz Canseco]